WASHINGTON -- In a powerful dissent to a Supreme Court
ruling that took an expansive view of the limits the Constitution places on
police misconduct, Justice Sonia Sotomayor on Monday seemed to address the
people most affected by unfortunate encounters with the police -- black and
brown Americans.
"Do not be soothed by the opinion's technical
language: This case allows the police to stop you on the street, demand your
identification, and check it for outstanding traffic warrants—even if you are
doing nothing wrong," Sotomayor wrote in the opening paragraph of her
response to Utah v. Strieff, which the court decided in a 5-3 vote.
The case had asked the justices to decide whether
evidence uncovered during an unlawful police stop could be used against the
person in possession of it -- a question that requires an interpretation of the
Fourth Amendment's prohibitions against unreasonable searches and seizures.
"In his search for lawbreaking, the officer in this case
himself broke the law."
Justice Sonia Sotomayor
It turns out that Edward Strieff, the Utah man at the
center of the case, had been stopped by police officers who had a hunch that he
was engaged in drug activity but didn't have any real "reasonable
suspicion" that he actually was, which is required by the Constitution for
investigatory stops.
Or, as Sotomayor put it: "In his search for
lawbreaking, the officer in this case himself broke the law."
But then the officer got lucky: When he ran Strieff's
driver's license through his system, he noticed his suspect had a minor traffic
warrant for an unpaid ticket. That meant the officer could check Strieff for
contraband, which he did. Then he got really lucky: He found methamphetamines
in Strieff's pocket, which provided a basis for an arrest and later charge of drug
possession.
In its ruling Monday, the Supreme Court determined that
the drugs -- the "poisonous fruit" of the officer's illegal stop --
could be used against Strieff at his trial, even though the officer had
initially violated Strieff's rights. The court called the officer's conduct
"at most negligent" and the result of "good-faith
mistakes."